Many Paths To God?
When Jesus-followers hold to Biblical authority as it speaks of Christ’s uniqueness, we embrace the conviction that Jesus is the only way of salvation.
The Doctor is In!—Treating Ailments that Demand a Diagnosis. This message series is designed to stimulate Jesus-followers to live out their daily lives with prescriptions diagnosed in God’s Word. Jesus Christ came into the world to treat the aliments of sinners. Every ailment needs a diagnosis. Under the direction of the Great Physician, Doctor Bob seeks to diagnose various ailments common to the Christian community and provide a prescription from God’s Word. The Doctor is In to treat the trauma experienced by a vast majority of Jesus-followers today.
Jesus said, “It is not the healthy who need a doctor, but the sick. I have not come to call the righteous, but sinners to repentence.” —Luke 5:31-32 [TNIV]
Ailment: “Pluralism”
Diagnosis: “A Breakdown of Truth”
Time magazine published a special sixtieth anniversary edition about a generation ago with the title “The Most Amazing 60 Years.” In recalling the world into which Time was born, this special issue began with the words: “The atom was unsplit. So were many marriages.” Here two things occurred in our era are properly brought together—one, the scientific technological explosion; and two, a moral breakdown. It is not just by accident that these two things have happened simultaneously. There is something which lies behind both phenomena, and in recognizing this Time magazine has shown amazing comprehension.
Dr. Bob believes that what has transpired over the past 60 years in our culture is the attempt to have absolute freedom totally autonomous from any intrinsic limits. It is the attempt to throw off anything that would restrain us from our own personal autonomy. But it is especially a direct and deliberate rebellion against God and his Word. There is no longer for many people in our culture absolute truth—it has been compromised or accommodated to mean whatever we as humans desired it to be. When it comes to faith and reason, religion has taken a new journey down the road of pluralism.
A pastor I know starts each of his new believer’s class with a jar full of beans. He asks his students to guess how many beans are in the jar, and on a big pad of paper writes down their estimates. Then, next to those estimates, he helps them make another list: their favorite songs. When the lists are complete, he reveals the actual number of beans in the jar.
The whole class looks over their guesses, to see which estimate was closest to being right. Then the pastor turns to the list of favorite songs. “And which one of these is closest to being right?” he asks. The students protest that there is no “right answer”; a person’s favorite song is purely a matter of taste.
This pastor who holds a Ph.D. in philosophy asks, “When you decide what to believe in terms of your faith, is that more like guessing the number of beans, or more like choosing your favorite song?” Always, the pastor says, from old as well as young, he gets the same answer: Choosing one’s faith is more like choosing a favorite song. When my friend told me this, it took my breath away. “After they say that, do you affirm their convictions?” I asked him. “Well,” he smiles, “First I try to argue them out of it.”
Few facts have become more evident in our lifetime than the fact that we live in a pluralistic world and society with people identifying one’s faith like choosing their favorite song. With the rapid increase in the transmission of information and the ability to travel on a worldwide scale has also come an increasing awareness that both our world and society contain a multitude of diverse and conflicting viewpoints on many different issues.
Dr. Bob believes that nowhere is this pluralism more evident than in the realm of religion. More than ever before, we are conscious of the existence of the world’s many religions—not only the major religions of Judaism, Islam, Hinduism, and Buddhism, but also a host of smaller yet enduring religious movements.
According to the World Christian Encyclopedia, there are approximately 1 billion Muslims, over 650 million Hindus, over 300 million Buddhists, over 200 million followers of Chinese folk religion, in addition to the world’s 1.6 billion nominal Christians. What is important for us to understand is that these figures are more than statistics in a book or almanac. They represent real people; people who are born, live, and die every day.
What brings this reality home even more, however, is the fact that an increasing number of followers of non-Christian religions are living in our cities, in our communities, and in our neighborhoods. Islamic mosques and Buddhist and Hindu worship centers can be found in Southern California, let alone every metropolitan area of the United States.
Once the Devil was walking along with one of his cohorts. They saw a man ahead of them pick up something shiny. “What did he find?” asked the cohort. “A piece of the truth,” the Devil replied. “Doesn’t it bother you that he found a piece of the truth?” asked the cohort. “No,” said the Devil, “I will see to it that he makes a religion out of it.”
As followers of Jesus Christ, what should our attitude be toward non-Christian religions and toward those who embrace them?
Among those who are seeking to respond to this question, several distinct answers can be heard today.
Three viewpoints are considered by many people:
1. Religious pluralism—most people are saying that we must acknowledge that all religions are equally or nearly equally valid as ways to approach God. Though there may be superficial differences among the world’s religions, at heart they are fundamentally the same. In essence, there are many paths to God.
2. Christian inclusivism—some people today believe that all religions are equally valid and that Christ is the unique Savior, but that his salvation can extend to followers of other religions.
3. Christian exclusivism—few people today believe the view that biblical Christianity is true and those other religious systems are false. There is only one path to God.
We will discuss two schools of thought—religious pluralism and Christian exclusivism. The turning point of religious belief hinges on these two viewpoints.
Religious pluralism—Many Paths to God
Often the analogy is used of people taking different paths up the same mountain, but all arriving at the same summit. This is the viewpoint known as religious pluralism. Culture says, “Many roads lead up the single mountain of religion to God at the top. It is unsophisticated, narrow-minded, and blind to deny the validity of other roads than yours.” Religious pluralism suggests that there are only superficial differences among the religions and that these differences are greatly overshadowed by their similarities. Thus, to this school of thought all religions share a fundamental unity that renders them equally valid as approaches to God.
C.S. Lewis says, “An open mind, in questions that are not ultimate, is useful. But an open mind about ultimate foundations either of Theoretical or Practical reason is idiocy. If a man’s mind is open on these things, let his mouth at least be shut.”
The example of religious pluralism is found in the following illustration. El Capitan in Yosemite National Park towers 3,000 feet above the valley floor. The valley’s elevation is 4,000 feet, so this huge piece of granite scales upward over 7,000 feet. Many rock climbers have scaled the heights of El Capitan. In fact, there are 60 different routes to choose from if you desire to reach the top of El Capitan. The nose route is the most popular—three thousand feet straight up. Many have used this example to conclude that there are many different routes to God. All we have to do is choose the one that conforms to our freedom.
Although this school of thought is arousing a lot of enthusiasm in many people today, it is important to know that it is not the only one, as Christianity and Islam each claim to be the only right path to God. Therefore the other option is that world religions are not pieces of the same puzzle or alternative paths to the same goal.
According to the pattern suggested by this viewpoint, it is often said that world religions form a unity, and only this unity provides the right perspective on ultimate truth. A similar syncretistic trend is encouraged by the suggestion to consider the various world religions as alternative paths to the same transcendental finality.
Let’s look again at the El Capitan illustration for a moment. The unproved assumption of this very common mountain analogy is that the routes go up, not down; that humanity makes the roads, not God; that religion is humanity’s search for God, not God’s search for humanity. C. S. Lewis says this sounds like “the mouse’s search for the cat.”
Dr. Bob believes that Christianity is not a system of people searching for God but a story of God’s search for people. True religion is not like a cloud of incense rising up from special spirits into the nostrils of a waiting God, but like a Father’s hand thrust downward to rescue the fallen. Throughout the Bible, human-made religion fails. There is no human way up the mountain, only a divine way down. That one way down is through Jesus Christ.
The apostle John affirms in John 1:18,
No one has ever seen God, but the one and only [Son], who is himself God and is in closest relationship with the Father, has made him known.
If we made the roads, it would indeed be arrogant to claim that any one road is the only valid one, for all human things are equal, at least in all being human, finite, and mixtures of good and bad. If we made the roads, it would be as stupid to absolutize one of them as to absolutize one art form, one political system.
However, if God made the road, we must find out whether God made many or one. If God made only one, then the shoe is on the other foot: it is humility, not arrogance, to accept this one road from God, and it is arrogance, not humility, to insist that our human-made roads are as good as God’s divine-made one.
But which assumption is true? Even if the pluralistic one is true, not all religions are equal, for then one religion is worse and more arrogant than all others.
What makes Christianity different from other religions?
So many people today believe that one religion is as good as another. Many religions teach that people can achieve salvation through doing (or not doing) certain things. There are even Jesus-followers who believe in Christian inclusivism. The former holds that all religions are equally valid. The latter holds that Christ is the unique savior, but that his salvation can extend to followers of other religions.
Christian Exclusivism—One Path to God
The alternative option is the attitude of Christian exclusivism—the view that biblical Christianity is true and those other religious systems are false. This is more than implied in numerous biblical statements.
One religion might have its followers pray at specified times and another may teach that people must refrain from eating certain things. Some religions teach that people have to spend great amounts of time in meditation or chant certain mantras or participate in ceremonies or do certain good deeds to assure themselves of salvation.
Although each of these requirements are different, they each have something in common—they place a great emphasis on what people have to do for God. It’s called works righteousness. Christianity is different. Christianity is not based on what we can do for God but on what God has done for us through Jesus Christ! The Bible tells us that all people have been disobedient to God (Romans 3:23, 1 John 1:10), and that we are separated from God because of it. But because Christ came and took the punishment we deserved for this disobedience (1 Peter 2:24) we can now have a personal relationship with God by accepting his sacrifice in our place (see Romans 10:9, 2 Corinthians 5:19).
As for “one religion is as good as another” we must not believe it! Speaking of Jesus, Peter testifies in Acts 4:8-12,
8 Then Peter, filled with the Holy Spirit, said to them: “Rulers and elders of the people! 9 If we are being called to account today for an act of kindness shown to a man who was lame and are being asked how he was healed, 10 then know this, you and all the people of Israel: It is by the name of Jesus Christ of Nazareth, whom you crucified but whom God raised from the dead, that this man stands before you healed.
11 Jesus is” ‘the stone you builders rejected, which has become the cornerstone.’ 12 Salvation is found in no one else, for there is no other name given under heaven by which we must be saved.”
Even Jesus claimed to be the only way to God in John 14:6,
6 Jesus answered, “I am the way and the truth and the life. No one comes to the Father except through me.
Peter shares in these verses the exclusivism of the Christian faith. The Jews did not have any place for Jesus in their building scheme, so they rejected and crucified him. But God raised him from the dead and exalted him in heaven. Jesus is indispensable. There are no other paths to God. There is no salvation without Jesus. No other name under heaven has been given for salvation, and it’s by this name Jesus Christ alone that we must be saved.
For Christian exclusivists, the Nicene Creed is the definitive statement of Christian Orthodoxy. It is the most widely accepted creed in the Christian church, it is up to present time in use in the Eastern Orthodox, Oriental Orthodox, Coptic, Nestorian, Roman Catholic, Anglican, and most Protestant churches.
Icon depicting the Holy Fathers of the First Council of Nicaea holding the Nicene Creed.
The purpose of a Christian creed was to establish conformity of belief, uniquely essential for Christians, and by public professions of the faith, to identify heretics or any disconformity within each community. The Creed is an epitome, not a full definition, of what is required for personal orthodoxy. It was hoped that by memorizing this summary of the faith, lay people without extensive theological training would still be able to recognize deviations from orthodox Christianity.
The Text of the Nicene Creed
We believe in one God,
the Father, the Almighty,
maker of heaven and earth,
of all that is, seen and unseen.
We believe in one Lord, Jesus Christ,
the only Son of God,
eternally begotten of the Father,
God from God, Light from Light,
true God from true God,
begotten, not made,
of one Being with the Father.
Through Him all things were made.
For us and for our salvation
He came down from heaven:
by the power of the Holy Spirit
He became incarnate from the Virgin Mary,
and was made man.
For our sake He was crucified under Pontius Pilate;
He suffered death and was buried.
On the third day He rose again
in accordance with the Scriptures;
He ascended into heaven
and is seated at the right hand of the Father.
He will come again in glory to judge the living and the dead,
and His kingdom will have no end.
We believe in the Holy Spirit, the Lord, the giver of life,
who proceeds from the Father and the Son.
With the Father and the Son He is worshiped and glorified.
He has spoken through the Prophets.
We believe in one holy catholic and apostolic Church.
We acknowledge one baptism for the forgiveness of sins.
We look for the resurrection of the dead,
and the life of the world to come.
AMEN.
So the most immediate difficulty posed by religious pluralism for Jesus-followers is that it not only compels us to deny any claims to the uniqueness of Christ or of Christianity from historical Christian convictions, but it also denies the claims found in God’s Word.
The claims of the New Testament that Jesus Christ is the unique Son of God and Savior of the world must be recast as mere exaggerations of the early Christians. It is impossible to embrace religious pluralism and hold to the authority of the New Testament when it speaks of the uniqueness of Christ and of the salvation He has provided.
Beyond this, however, religious pluralism significantly underestimates the differences between the teachings of the various religions. This can be seen, for example, in the differences between Buddhism, Hinduism, Islam, and Christianity, with regard to their teaching concerning salvation.
In classical Buddhism, the problem facing humanity is the suffering caused by desire. Since whatever humanity desires is impermanent, and ultimately leads to frustration and sorrow, the way to peace of mind and ultimate “salvation” is through the elimination of all desire—even the desire to live! In classical Hinduism, the problem facing humanity is our being trapped in this illusory, material world over the course of many lifetimes primarily due to our ignorance of our true identity as fundamentally divine beings! The solution to our dilemma is our recognition of our true divine nature. In Islam, humanity’s problem is the failure to live by the law of God which has been revealed through his prophets. The solution is to commit ourselves to obeying God’s laws, in hope that our good deeds will outweigh the bad. In Christianity, the problem is similar–our rebellion against the will of God. But the solution is much different. It is through faith in the sacrifice of Jesus for our sins, provided by God’s unmerited grace. From these examples alone, it is evident that though there may be superficial similarities among the world’s religions the differences are fundamental in nature!
What then should our attitude be toward other religions?
It is important for us to distinguish our attitude toward non-Christian religions from our attitude toward followers of those religions. Though we are to reject the religion, we are not to reject them by mistakenly perceiving them to be “the enemy.” The biblical injunction is to love our neighbors as much as we love ourselves no matter what their religion. Rather than viewing them as “the enemy,” we should see them as “the victims” of the enemy who are in need of the same grace that has freed us from spiritual slavery—in need of the gospel of Jesus Christ.
The Mark of the Jesus-follower—Honest Answers, Observable Love
Many people today will not believe the fact of absolute truth. So seeking to convince them to subscribe to Christianity by believing in God’s Word will not necessarily lead them to Jesus. But there is a mark of the Jesus-follower that our peers and pop culture cannot refute. It’s the personal and vibrant testimony of a changed life!
Dr. Bob believes that we must not minimize the need to give honest answers to honest questions regarding the issues of other religions. We should have an intellectual apologetic. Yet, without true Jesus-followers loving one another, Christ says the world cannot be expected to listen, even when we give proper answers.
At the close of his ministry, Jesus looks forward to his death on the cross, the open tomb, and the ascension to his Father. Knowing that he is about to leave, Jesus prepares his disciples for what is to come. It is here that Jesus makes clear what will be the distinguishing mark of the Jesus-follower.
Jesus says in John 13:34-35,
34 “A new command I give you: Love one another. As I have loved you, so you must love one another. 35 By this everyone will know that you are my disciples, if you love one another.”
The Lord has undoubtedly placed us in contact with people of different religions, religious beliefs, economic levels, and other variables. How are we going to effectively show them Christ? We are living in a time that is calling us to live the claims of Christ more powerfully than ever before.
Loren Mead, in his book entitled, The Once and Future Church, writes…no longer can we assume that everyone is a Christian. No longer does the community, through schools, festivals, associations, and standards reinforce Christian values and beliefs. No longer are we living in a society which encourages the growth and development and spread of the church. In the years ahead people will not be Christians because they were born in Christian homes, or because their parents were Christian, or because being a Christian is the socially acceptable thing to do. Instead, to be a Christian is going to require a conscious and costly choice, a deliberate and difficult decision.
Riveting words. These words signify that the door of opportunity to reach people for Christ is closing fast. The latest statistics are claiming that 85% of those who make a personal decision to follow Jesus will do so before their 13th birthday.
The August 8, 2005 issue of Time Magazine recently highlighted a special report on “Being 13.” Inside that mystifying age, kids are shaped by the push to achieve and the pull of pop culture. In the rise of cyberbullies, they have an intense search for God. What does it mean to be 13? The 13 year old says things like, “I’m a very complicated child, polite conversation can be boring, and just a phase.” Is it any wonder why Time chose to highlight being 13? The reason we are high on children and youth ministries at Christ First is because we want kids to come to know Jesus Christ at an early age—hopefully before their 13th birthday!
So what prescription do we receive from God’s Word?
We walk the path to God, following God’s prescription by doing three important things:
Walking the Path in Love
• stand upon absolute truth found in God’s Word
• guard against religious pluralism
• visibly live in love with all people
Doctor Bob believes that we as Jesus-followers must hold true to God’s Word in the midst of a pluralistic society. We must live with the conviction that Christianity is different. Christianity is not based on what we can do for God but on what God has done for us through Jesus Christ. There is only one path to God, and that path is Jesus Christ. Let’s walk this path in love! Amen.